{"id":9541,"date":"2022-06-24T12:49:01","date_gmt":"2022-06-24T10:49:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/?p=9541"},"modified":"2022-06-27T21:02:42","modified_gmt":"2022-06-27T19:02:42","slug":"jak-se-testuje-kamen-cast-4-celkova-hustota-a-porovitost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/24\/jak-se-testuje-kamen-cast-4-celkova-hustota-a-porovitost\/","title":{"rendered":"JAK SE TESTUJE K\u00c1MEN? \u010c\u00c1ST 4 \u2013 Celkov\u00e1 hustota a p\u00f3rovitost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Celkov\u00e1 hustota a p\u00f3rovitost<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tato zkou\u0161ka se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 let. Norma stanov\u00ed mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt zkou\u0161ku dv\u011bma metodami: metodou A (pyknometr) a metodou B (Le Chatelier\u016fv volumetr). Prvn\u00ed z metod je p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Proto se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010dast\u011bji a bude pops\u00e1na n\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Vzorky z p\u0159edchoz\u00ed objemov\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky hustoty a otev\u0159en\u00e9 p\u00f3rovitosti se ka\u017ed\u00fd zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 rozdrt\u00ed na pr\u00e1\u0161ek o velikosti zrn umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fchod prachu s\u00edtem o velikosti ok 0,063 mm. Pot\u00e9 se vysu\u0161\u00ed do konstantn\u00ed hmotnosti a odd\u011bl\u00ed se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 g pr\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e9ho kamene (me<\/sub>).<\/p>\n

Do pyknometru se do poloviny objemu nalije deionizovan\u00e1 voda. Odv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd kamenn\u00fd prach se pak nasype a sm\u00edch\u00e1 s\u00a0vodou tak, aby se rozpt\u00fdlil v kapalin\u011b. Pyknometr se vystav\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed vakua (2 kPa), dokud se neza\u010dnou tvo\u0159it bubliny. Pot\u00e9 se pyknometr napln\u00ed vodou a prob\u00edh\u00e1 proces sedimentace, dokud se kamenn\u00fd prach neusad\u00ed na dn\u011b a voda nad vzorkem nen\u00ed \u010dir\u00e1. Pot\u00e9 se opatrn\u011b dolije voda, pyknometr se zaz\u00e1tkujte a osu\u0161\u00ed (a ot\u0159e) zven\u010d\u00ed. Celek se zv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a v\u00fdsledek zap\u00ed\u0161e jako m1<\/sub>.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je vypr\u00e1zdn\u011bn\u00ed a vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pyknometru, kter\u00fd se napln\u00ed deionizovanou vodou. Po zaslepen\u00ed a ot\u0159en\u00ed se pyknometr znovu zv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed a v\u00fdsledek zap\u00ed\u0161e jako m . V\u00fdpo\u010det 2 se pak provede podle n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch vzorc\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hustota je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena vzorcem:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Celkov\u00e1 p\u00f3rovitost je vyj\u00e1d\u0159ena vzorcem:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se stanov\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti horniny, tj. hustota a p\u00f3rovitost. Znalost hustoty materi\u00e1lu je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro konstruk\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce. Projektant pot\u0159ebuje zn\u00e1t hmotnost prvku, aby mohl navrhnout konstrukci o dostate\u010dn\u00e9 nosnosti. P\u0159i opakovan\u00e9m testov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu by v\u00fdsledky m\u011bly b\u00fdt podobn\u00e9. Dojde-li ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m objemov\u00e9 hmotnosti p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho kamene p\u0159i po sob\u011b n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch, m\u016f\u017ee to znamenat zm\u011bny v miner\u00e1ln\u00edm slo\u017een\u00ed horniny dodan\u00e9 ke zkou\u0161ce. Vysok\u00e1 p\u00f3rovitost m\u016f\u017ee ovlivnit i dal\u0161\u00ed vlastnosti materi\u00e1lu. Ne v\u017edy mus\u00ed j\u00edt o p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd vliv, ale d\u00e1 se o\u010dek\u00e1vat rozd\u00edl v nas\u00e1kavosti, mrazuvzdornosti a odolnosti materi\u00e1lu v\u016f\u010di tepeln\u00fdm \u0161ok\u016fm. Jinak \u0159e\u010deno, jedn\u00e1 se o parametry ud\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed odolnost materi\u00e1lu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: Kurier kamieniarski<\/a><\/p>\n

Autor: Micha\u0142 Firlej\u00a0 \u00a0|\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Publikov\u00e1no: 25. 8. 2015<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Celkov\u00e1 hustota a p\u00f3rovitost   Tato zkou\u0161ka se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 let. Norma stanov\u00ed mo\u017enost prov\u00e1d\u011bt…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":9544,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[345],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nJAK SE TESTUJE K\u00c1MEN? \u010c\u00c1ST 4 \u2013 Celkov\u00e1 hustota a p\u00f3rovitost - Sv\u011bt Kamene<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Celkov\u00e1 hustota a p\u00f3rovitost se prov\u00e1d\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdch 10 let. 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