{"id":7966,"date":"2022-06-13T18:22:13","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T16:22:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/?p=7966"},"modified":"2022-06-17T23:47:14","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T21:47:14","slug":"mur-antoniusza-kolejny-wielki-mur-rzymski","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/pl\/2022\/06\/13\/mur-antoniusza-kolejny-wielki-mur-rzymski\/","title":{"rendered":"Mur Antoniusza &#8211; kolejny wielki mur rzymski"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Kiedy Hadrian umiera w 138 r. n.e., Imperium Rzymskie jest wewn\u0119trznie stabilne politycznie, drogi s\u0105 bezpieczne, a&nbsp;handel, sztuka, edukacja i&nbsp;rozw\u00f3j rzemios\u0142a kwitn\u0105. W\u0142adz\u0119 cesarsk\u0105 przej\u0105\u0142 Antoniusz Pius (138 n.e. &#8211; 161 n.e.), kt\u00f3rego Hadrian adoptowa\u0142.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>W pierwszych latach swojego panowania Antoniusz Pius stopniowo zdobywa\u0142 nowe terytoria po\u0142o\u017cone 160 km na p\u00f3\u0142noc od Muru Hadriana. Dociera do najw\u0119\u017cszego punktu tego, co obecnie nazywamy Pasem Centralnym Szkocji. Odleg\u0142o\u015b\u0107 od zatoki Firth of Forth do uj\u015bcia rzeki Clyde wynosi sze\u015b\u0107dziesi\u0105t trzy kilometry (42,5 mil rzymskich). Mo\u017cna powiedzie\u0107, \u017ce jest on o&nbsp;po\u0142ow\u0119 kr\u00f3tszy od Muru Hadriana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"242\" height=\"392\" src=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/01-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/01-3.jpg 242w, https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/01-3-185x300.jpg 185w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 242px) 100vw, 242px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:26px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Oko\u0142o 140 r. Antoniusz poleca rozpocz\u0119cie budowy muru obronnego. Teoretycznie jego obrona powinna by\u0107 znacznie \u0142atwiejsza. Na podstawie ods\u0142oni\u0119tych kamiennych fundament\u00f3w o&nbsp;szeroko\u015bci trzech metr\u00f3w przypuszcza si\u0119, \u017ce pierwotny plan by\u0142 znacznie bardziej ambitny ni\u017c Mur Hadriana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"746\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/02-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7968\" srcset=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/02-2.jpg 746w, https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/02-2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Mur ten mia\u0142 mie\u0107 trzy metry szeroko\u015bci i&nbsp;sze\u015b\u0107 metr\u00f3w wysoko\u015bci. Zrezygnowano jednak z&nbsp;tego projektu i&nbsp;zbudowano wa\u0142 ziemny o&nbsp;szeroko\u015bci pi\u0119ciu metr\u00f3w i&nbsp;wysoko\u015bci czterech metr\u00f3w z&nbsp;drewnian\u0105 palisad\u0105 na szczycie. Przed wa\u0142em wykopano g\u0142\u0119boki na cztery metry r\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"746\" height=\"560\" src=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/03-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7969\" srcset=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/03-2.jpg 746w, https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/03-2-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Wzd\u0142u\u017c ca\u0142ego wa\u0142u mniej wi\u0119cej co trzeci kilometr (dwie mile rzymskie) znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 twierdza z&nbsp;garnizonem. W sumie by\u0142o ich osiemna\u015bcie, a&nbsp;co mil\u0119 rzymsk\u0105 znajdowa\u0142a si\u0119 mniejsza forteca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"746\" height=\"275\" src=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/05-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7970\" srcset=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/05-2.jpg 746w, https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/05-2-300x111.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" \/><figcaption>(Rys. nr 7) R\u00f3wnie\u017c w tym przypadku na ca\u0142ej d\u0142ugo\u015bci przebiega\u0142a droga zaopatrzeniowa. Wa\u0142 ten nie mia\u0142 jednak za sob\u0105 rowu obronnego, jak by\u0142o w przypadku Wa\u0142u Hadriana.<br><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:31px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Budowa muru Antoniusza trwa\u0142a dwana\u015bcie lat. Po&nbsp;jego uko\u0144czeniu przenios\u0142y si\u0119 tu wszystkie oddzia\u0142y z&nbsp;Wa\u0142u Hadriana. Jednak z&nbsp;historycznego punktu widzenia Wa\u0142 Antoniego mia\u0142 kr\u00f3tkiego \u017cycia. Nie potrafi\u0142 wytrzyma\u0107 ci\u0105g\u0142ych atak\u00f3w z&nbsp;p\u00f3\u0142nocy i&nbsp;po&nbsp;zaledwie o\u015bmiu latach od uko\u0144czenia budowy musia\u0142 zosta\u0107 opuszczony, a&nbsp;garnizony wojskowe ewakuowane z&nbsp;powrotem za Mur Hadriana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Wniosek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mur Hadriana s\u0142u\u017cy\u0142 celom obronnym Imperium Rzymskiego przez dwie\u015bcie osiemdziesi\u0105t lat po&nbsp;jego uko\u0144czeniu. W czasie swojego istnienia by\u0142 czterokrotnie naruszany, a&nbsp;uszkodzone odcinki zawsze zn\u00f3w odbudowywano od podstaw. Dopiero w 410 r. n.e. zosta\u0142 opuszczony przez ostatni dzia\u0142aj\u0105cy garnizon wojskowy, a&nbsp;nast\u0119pnie sta\u0142 si\u0119 jedynie \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em \u0142atwo dost\u0119pnego kamienia budowlanego dla swojej okolicy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ceskestavby.cz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.ceskestavby.cz<\/a>\u00a0 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kiedy Hadrian umiera w 138 r. n.e., Imperium Rzymskie jest wewn\u0119trznie stabilne politycznie, drogi s\u0105&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":7954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[338,273],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v19.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mur Antoniusza - 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