{"id":7951,"date":"2022-06-13T18:22:13","date_gmt":"2022-06-13T16:22:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/?p=7951"},"modified":"2022-07-04T00:13:45","modified_gmt":"2022-07-03T22:13:45","slug":"antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/13\/antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed\/","title":{"rendered":"Antoni\u016fv val \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 ze\u010f"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Kdy\u017e Hadri\u00e1n v roce 138 n. l. um\u00edr\u00e1, \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium je vnit\u0159n\u011b politicky stabiln\u00ed, cesty jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, da\u0159\u00ed se obchodu, um\u011bn\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a rozvoji \u0159emesel. C\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 moci se uj\u00edm\u00e1 Antoninus Pius (138 n. l. – 161 n. l.), kter\u00e9ho Hadri\u00e1n, tak jak on byl s\u00e1m, adoptoval.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Hned v prvn\u00edch letech sv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy Antoninus Pius postupn\u011b dob\u00fdv\u00e1 nov\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed 160 kilometr\u016f na sever od Hadri\u00e1novy zdi. Dost\u00e1v\u00e1 se a\u017e na neju\u017e\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsto Skotska, kter\u00e9 se dnes naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Central Belt of Scotland. Vzd\u00e1lenost od z\u00e1livu Firth of Forth k \u00fast\u00ed \u0159eky Clyde je \u0161edes\u00e1t t\u0159i kilometr\u016f (42,5 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdch mil). D\u00e1 se tedy \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee je to polovina d\u00e9lky Hadri\u00e1novy zdi.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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Okolo roku 140 n. l. vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 Antonius pokyn k zah\u00e1jen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby obrann\u00e9 zdi. Teoreticky by m\u011bla b\u00fdt jej\u00ed obrana mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed. Podle odkryt\u00fdch, t\u0159i metry \u0161irok\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch z\u00e1klad\u016f se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br byl mnohem ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Hadri\u00e1nova ze\u010f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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M\u011bla b\u00fdt t\u0159i metry \u0161irok\u00e1 a \u0161est metr\u016f vysok\u00e1. Od tohoto n\u00e1vrhu se ale upustilo a za\u010dal se realizovat p\u011bt metr\u016f \u0161irok\u00fd a \u010dty\u0159i metry vysok\u00fd obrann\u00fd hlin\u011bn\u00fd val s d\u0159ev\u011bnou palis\u00e1dou na jej\u00edm vrcholu. P\u0159ed valem byl vyhlouben \u010dty\u0159i metry hlubok\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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Pod\u00e9l cel\u00e9ho valu byla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na ka\u017ed\u00e9m t\u0159et\u00edm kilometru (dv\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 m\u00edle) pevnost s pos\u00e1dkou. Bylo jich celkem osmn\u00e1ct a mezi nimi byla na ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 m\u00edli pevnost men\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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\"\"\r\n
(Obr. \u010d. 7) Op\u011bt tu po cel\u00e9 d\u00e9lce vedla z\u00e1sobovac\u00ed cesta. Tento val ale nem\u011bl za sebou obrann\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop, jako tomu bylo u Hadri\u00e1novy zdi.<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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\"\"<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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V\u00fdstavba Antoniova valu trvala dvan\u00e1ct let. Po jej\u00edm dokon\u010den\u00ed se ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vojsko z Hadri\u00e1novy zdi p\u0159esunulo sem. Z historick\u00e9ho hlediska, ale m\u011bl Antoni\u016fv val tzv. jepi\u010d\u00ed \u017eivot. Nedok\u00e1zal odol\u00e1vat neust\u00e1l\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm ze severu a ji\u017e po osmi letech od jeho dokon\u010den\u00ed, musel b\u00fdt opu\u0161t\u011bn a vojensk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky evakuov\u00e1ny zp\u011bt za Hadri\u00e1novu ze\u010f.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Hadri\u00e1nova ze\u010f slou\u017eila k obrann\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria po dv\u011b st\u011b osmdes\u00e1t let od jej\u00edho \u00fapln\u00e9ho dokon\u010den\u00ed. Za dobu sv\u00e9 existence byla \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t prolomena a po\u0161kozen\u00e9 \u00faseky byly od z\u00e1klad\u016f znovu vybudov\u00e1ny. A\u017e roku 410 n. l. ji posledn\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka opou\u0161t\u00ed a pak u\u017e se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jen pouh\u00fdm zdrojem lehce dostupn\u00e9ho stavebn\u00edho kamene pro okol\u00ed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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Zdroj: Lomy a t\u011b\u017eba<\/a>    <\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kdy\u017e Hadri\u00e1n v roce 138 n. l. um\u00edr\u00e1, \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium je vnit\u0159n\u011b politicky stabiln\u00ed, cesty jsou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":7954,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[669],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nAntoni\u016fv val \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 ze\u010f - Sv\u011bt Kamene<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/13\/antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Antoni\u016fv val \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 ze\u010f - Sv\u011bt Kamene\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kdy\u017e Hadri\u00e1n v roce 138 n. l. um\u00edr\u00e1, \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 imp\u00e9rium je vnit\u0159n\u011b politicky stabiln\u00ed, cesty jsou...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/13\/antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sv\u011bt Kamene\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-13T16:22:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-03T22:13:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/03.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"746\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napsal(a)\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Kate\u0159ina Markvartov\u00e1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Odhadovan\u00e1 doba \u010dten\u00ed\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/\",\"name\":\"Sv\u011bt Kamene\",\"description\":\"Port\u00e1l informuj\u00edc\u00ed o v\u0161em co souvis\u00ed s kamenem\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"cs\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"cs\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/13\/antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/03.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/03.jpg\",\"width\":746,\"height\":560},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/13\/antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/13\/antoniuv-val-dalsi-velka-rimska-zed\/\",\"name\":\"Antoni\u016fv val \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e1 ze\u010f - 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