{"id":2583,"date":"2022-06-15T21:29:58","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T19:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.svetkamene.eu\/?p=2583"},"modified":"2022-06-14T22:47:08","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T20:47:08","slug":"megaliticke-struktury-dolmeny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/15\/megaliticke-struktury-dolmeny\/","title":{"rendered":"MEGALITICK\u00c9 STAVBY \u2013 DOLMENY"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu Kurier Kamieniarski jsem psal o kamenn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch rovn\u011b\u017e jako kromlechy. V tomto \u010d\u00edsle se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na dal\u0161\u00ed druh megalitick\u00fdch struktur \u2013<\/strong> dolmeny. Na cest\u011b za nimi se vyd\u00e1me na m\u00edsto, kter\u00e9 jsme spolu u\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t nav\u0161t\u00edvili \u2013<\/strong> do Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dob\u0159e \u2013<\/strong> dolmeny. Ale co to je?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V z\u00e1sad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o kamenn\u00e9 hrobky, v\u011bt\u0161inou z obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho neolitu. Jsou tvo\u0159eny dv\u011bma nebo v\u00edce svisl\u00fdmi balvany, na nich\u017e spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fd blok sk\u00e1ly. Cel\u00e1 v\u011bc tedy p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 kamenn\u00fd st\u016fl a – je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee toto je tak\u00e9 doslovn\u00fd v\u00fdznam slova dolmen, kter\u00e9 (podobn\u011b jako kromlech) poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jazyka star\u00fdch Kelt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnoho dolmen\u016f bylo p\u016fvodn\u011b zasyp\u00e1no zem\u00ed a tvo\u0159ilo jak\u00e9si mohyly. Dnes, stovky a tis\u00edce let pozd\u011bji, jsme schopni spat\u0159it pouh\u00e9 kostry p\u016fvodn\u00edch staveb. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 dolmeny jsou star\u00e9 asi 7 000 let a najdeme je ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Stavby tohoto typu jsou v\u0161ak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a lze na n\u011b narazit na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kontinent\u016f. Dolmeny velmi podobn\u00fdch tvar\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme obdivovat v Irsku, Indii, Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji, \u0160pan\u011blsku, Francii … A v tomto v\u00fd\u010dtu bychom mohli d\u00e1le pokra\u010dovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dolmeny m\u00e1me tak\u00e9 u n\u00e1s v Polsku. Jeden z nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edch, n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00fd Hrob obr\u016f, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e obce Borkowo v Z\u00e1padopomo\u0159ansk\u00e9m vojvodstv\u00ed. V minulosti se bl\u00edzko n\u011bj nach\u00e1zela dal\u0161\u00ed hrobka, kterou na konci 19. stolet\u00ed lovci poklad\u016f \u00fapln\u011b rozebrali. Ov\u0161em jedin\u00e9, co na\u0161li, byly pazourkov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a jantarov\u00e9 ozdoby, co\u017e je odradilo od dal\u0161\u00edho hled\u00e1n\u00ed a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 zachr\u00e1nilo druh\u00fd dolmen. Archeologov\u00e9 odhaduj\u00ed dobu jeho vzniku na zhruba 3000 let p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nyn\u00ed se p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed dolmen\u016f p\u0159esuneme do Kolumbie, konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji do archeoparku San August\u00edn, kter\u00fd je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b a v roce 1995 byl zaps\u00e1n na seznam sv\u011btov\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed UNESCO. Krom\u011b \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch soch r\u016fzn\u00e9ho vzr\u016fstu a velikosti tu m\u016f\u017eeme narazit na dolmeny podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me z Evropy. Krom\u011b toho v\u011bdci pomoc\u00ed radiokarbonov\u00e9ho datov\u00e1n\u00ed dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee vznikly p\u0159esn\u011b ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, tj. mezi lety 3 500 a\u017e 3 000 p\u0159. n. l. V San August\u00ednu se nach\u00e1z\u00ed i mnohem mlad\u0161\u00ed dolmeny, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly ji\u017e sp\u00ed\u0161e ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e poh\u0159ebn\u00ed funkci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

San August\u00edn nejsou jen dolmeny, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sochy. P\u0159edstavuj\u00ed bo\u017estva, zv\u00ed\u0159ata a netvory, ale v\u011bt\u0161inu z nich tvo\u0159\u00ed sochy kn\u011b\u017e\u00ed a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk\u016f s ko\u010di\u010d\u00edm obli\u010dejem, jak\u00e9 zn\u00e1me tak\u00e9 ze socha\u0159stv\u00ed jin\u00fdch kultur, nap\u0159\u00edklad Olmek\u016f. A kdy\u017e u\u017e jsme u Olmek\u016f, kamenn\u00e9 hlavy najdete tak\u00e9 v San August\u00ednu, i kdy\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 ne tak velk\u00e9 a hroziv\u011b vyhl\u00ed\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed jako ty z Mexika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poj\u010fme si te\u010f na chv\u00edli odsko\u010dit na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Kavkaz. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i tady najdeme dolmeny, t\u0159eba\u017ee trochu netypick\u00e9. Sv\u00fdm st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm jsou srovnateln\u00e9 s jin\u00fdmi megalitick\u00fdmi stavbami z Evropy a Asie, ale jejich konstrukce je sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je stav\u011bn\u00e1 na t\u011bsno a v jedn\u00e9 ze st\u011bn m\u00e1 otvor. Je vcelku fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto otvor\u016f maj\u00ed dokonal\u00fd kruhov\u00fd tvar. Dodnes nen\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1mo, k \u010demu tyto dolmeny slou\u017eily. Jedna z kavkazsk\u00fdch legend vypr\u00e1v\u00ed, \u017ee v t\u011bchto oblastech kdysi \u017eili ob\u0159i a sk\u0159\u00edtci. Prvn\u00ed z nich postavili sv\u00fdm men\u0161\u00edm druh\u016fm \u00fakryty, kde se mohli schovat p\u0159ed \u0161patn\u00fdm po\u010das\u00edm a nebezpe\u010d\u00edm – proto ta mal\u00e1 velikost d\u011br. Ob\u0159i a sk\u0159\u00edtci se ov\u0161em bohu\u017eel pozd\u011bji rozkmot\u0159ili a vedli spolu v\u00e1lku, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e se navz\u00e1jem vyhubili. Poz\u016fstatkem jejich n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed existence jsou dnes dolmeny rozeset\u00e9 po cel\u00e9m Kavkaze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dolmeny a jejich funkce z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pro v\u011bdce st\u00e1le z\u00e1hadou. Je \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9, \u017ee tyto stavby vznikaly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta, v r\u016fzn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch a civilizac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 spolu evidentn\u011b nem\u011bly nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho. Nen\u00ed dosud jasn\u00e9, jak byly velk\u00e9 balvany p\u0159emis\u0165ov\u00e1ny a stav\u011bny na vrchol. Pozoruhodn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 preciznost zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch kavkazsk\u00fdch dolmen\u016f, jeliko\u017e se zde m\u016f\u017eeme setkat s dokonale p\u0159esnou pravo\u00fahlost\u00ed a do mezer mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi kameny se v\u00e1m sotva poda\u0159\u00ed vsunout \u0161pi\u010dku no\u017ee. O kruz\u00edch vytesan\u00fdch v hrub\u00e9 sk\u00e1le ani nemluv\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se n\u00e1m jednoho dne poda\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee budeme zn\u00e1t odpov\u011bdi na na\u0161e ot\u00e1zky o p\u016fvodu a smyslu dolmen\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u0161ak prozat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed skryt\u00fdmi a tich\u00fdmi sv\u011bdky vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 minulosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Zdroj: Kurier kamieniarski<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Jakub Zda\u0144kowski | Publikov\u00e1no: 03. listopadu 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V p\u0159ede\u0161l\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle \u010dasopisu Kurier Kamieniarski jsem psal o kamenn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch, zn\u00e1m\u00fdch rovn\u011b\u017e jako kromlechy. V tomto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":2587,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[372],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nMEGALITICK\u00c9 STAVBY \u2013 DOLMENY - Sv\u011bt Kamene<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nejstar\u0161\u00ed dochovan\u00e9 dolmeny jsou star\u00e9 asi 7 000 let a nach\u00e1zej\u00ed se ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. 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