{"id":2559,"date":"2022-06-15T22:09:30","date_gmt":"2022-06-15T20:09:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.svetkamene.eu\/?p=2559"},"modified":"2022-06-14T23:01:24","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T21:01:24","slug":"tajemstvi-cedicovych-tvari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/cs\/2022\/06\/15\/tajemstvi-cedicovych-tvari\/","title":{"rendered":"TAJEMSTV\u00cd \u010cEDI\u010cOV\u00ddCH TV\u00c1\u0158\u00cd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

P\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159emi tis\u00edci lety se na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edch mexick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Veracruz a Tabasco vyvinula prvn\u00ed velk\u00e1 civilizace St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky, Olm\u00e9kov\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jejich kultura b\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u011bkdy pova\u017eov\u00e1na za kol\u00e9bku v\u0161ech n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch st\u0159edoamerick\u00fdch civilizac\u00ed. Olm\u00e9kov\u00e9 byli prvn\u00edmi lidmi v t\u00e9to oblasti, kte\u0159\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku zakl\u00e1dali m\u011bsta a stavby, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvali pokro\u010dil\u00e9 metody zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kamene a m\u011bli sv\u016fj osobit\u00fd styl v oblasti socha\u0159stv\u00ed. Olm\u00e9kov\u00e9 byli zb\u011bhl\u00ed v pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mnoha surovin jako je j\u00edl, \u010dedi\u010d, nefrit \u010di zn\u011blec. Mezi jejich v\u00fdtvory najdeme kamenn\u00e9 \u0161perky, sochy a tak\u00e9 sedmn\u00e1ct impozantn\u00edch kamenn\u00fdch hlav, z nich\u017e nejmen\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161est tun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K objevu prvn\u00edch kamenn\u00fdch hlav do\u0161lo ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed ve t\u0159ech nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech Olm\u00e9k\u016f: San Lorenzo, La Venta a Tres Zapotes. Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dit jejich st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale existuje shoda na tom, \u017ee poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z p\u0159edklasick\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, tzn. \u017de nejstar\u0161\u00ed z nich jsou nejm\u00e9n\u011b t\u0159i tis\u00edce let star\u00e9. Jejich v\u00fd\u0161ka se pohybuje mezi 1,5 a 3,5 metry a v\u00e1ha od 6 do 50 tun! Obrovit\u00e9 sochy zpodob\u0148uj\u00ed mu\u017esk\u00e9 obli\u010deje se zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00fdmi nosy, pln\u00fdmi rty a tv\u00e1\u0159emi. Zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st ka\u017ed\u00e9 hlavy je ploch\u00e1, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee znamenat, \u017ee b\u00fdvaly op\u0159en\u00e9 o st\u011bny nebo le\u017eely na zemi a vzhl\u00ed\u017eely k nebi. N\u011bkter\u00e9 hlavy vykazuj\u00ed stopy barev a je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee b\u00fdvaly pomalov\u00e1ny \u010di barevn\u011b zdobeny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z hlav je trochu odli\u0161n\u00e1. Rozd\u00edly nejsou jen ve velikosti, ale tak\u00e9 rysech obli\u010deje, kontur\u00e1ch tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u00fa\u010desech \u010di pokr\u00fdvk\u00e1ch hlavy. N\u011bkter\u00e9 maj\u00ed vzadu zapleten\u00fd cop a jedna ze soch v La Venta je ozdobena motivem hlavy pt\u00e1ka. Mnoho v\u011bdc\u016f je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deno, \u017ee kamenn\u00e9 hlavy jsou zpodobn\u011bn\u00edmi zesnul\u00fdch vl\u00e1dc\u016f \u010di velekn\u011b\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Existuje tak\u00e9 mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch (v\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fdch) hypot\u00e9z o motivech vzniku a funkci t\u011bchto kamenn\u00fdch hlav. Jedna z nich dokonce \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee sochy zpodob\u0148uj\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010de fotbalu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ano, Olm\u00e9kov\u00e9, i jin\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 kultury St\u0159edn\u00ed Ameriky, znali fotbal. Nezn\u00e1me p\u0159esn\u011b, jak\u00e1 m\u011bla hra pravidla ani jin\u00e9 podrobnosti, ale v\u00edme, \u017ee \u0161lo o hru velice obl\u00edbenou s prvky ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed discipl\u00edny (prov\u00e1zenou nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm lidsk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed boh\u016fm). V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b je hypot\u00e9za, \u017ee hlavy maj\u00ed zpodob\u0148ovat hr\u00e1\u010de, vesm\u011bs odm\u00edt\u00e1na a pova\u017euje se za pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o obli\u010deje vl\u00e1dc\u016f p\u0159ipravuj\u00edc\u00edch se na hru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u0161t\u011b jin\u00e1, celkem kontroverzn\u00ed teorie je p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee kamenn\u00e9 obli\u010deje vykazuj\u00ed jist\u00e9 negroidn\u00ed rysy, co\u017e by mohlo nasv\u011bd\u010dovat mo\u017en\u00e9mu africk\u00e9mu p\u016fvod Olm\u00e9k\u016f. Zast\u00e1nci t\u00e9to teorie hledaj\u00ed anatomick\u00e9 a genetick\u00e9 podobnosti jako\u017e i p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed vazby mezi Olm\u00e9ky a domorod\u00fdmi kmeny star\u00e9 Afriky na podklad\u011b ran\u00fdch forem p\u00edsma. Pro nedostatek p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f v\u0161ak v\u011bt\u0161ina dne\u0161n\u00edch v\u011bdc\u016f tuto teorii odm\u00edt\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1hadou souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kamenn\u00fdmi obli\u010deji z oblasti Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm mohly b\u00fdt obrovsk\u00e9 \u010dedi\u010dov\u00e9 bloky, ze kter\u00fdch byly vyrobeny sochy, p\u0159emis\u0165ov\u00e1ny (pro p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed: nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nich v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 50 000 kg). Takov\u00fd projekt si bezesporu vy\u017eadoval pe\u010dliv\u00e9 napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a zam\u011bstnal des\u00edtky, ne-li stovky, kvalifikovan\u00fdch sil. Po mnohalet\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee v\u0161ech sedmn\u00e1ct hlav bylo vyrobeno z \u010dedi\u010de vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e9ho v hor\u00e1ch Sierra de los Tuxtlas. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee balvany musely b\u00fdt p\u0159epraveny na vzd\u00e1lenost 150 kilometr\u016f, ne\u017e se dostaly na m\u00edsto sv\u00e9ho ur\u010den\u00ed. Tento fakt se se st\u00e1v\u00e1 o to neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, pokud si uv\u011bdom\u00edme, \u017ee sta\u0159\u00ed Olm\u00e9kov\u00e9 neznali kolo. Navzdory \u0159ad\u011b tvrzen\u00ed a hypot\u00e9z nen\u00ed st\u00e1le jasn\u00e9, jak mohli Olm\u00e9kov\u00e9 n\u011bco takov\u00e9ho dok\u00e1zat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 se n\u00e1m u\u017e nikdy nepoda\u0159\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it tuto nebo dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1hady op\u0159\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed starobylou olm\u00e9ckou kulturu. Faktem ale z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161ech sedmn\u00e1ct kamenn\u00fdch hlav se dochovalo do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby a jsou k vid\u011bn\u00ed v Mexiku. M\u016f\u017eeme se jim obdivovat v muze\u00edch a na zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch v\u00fdstav\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zdroj: Kurier kamieniarski<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Jakub Zda\u0144kowski | Publikov\u00e1no: 02. b\u0159ezna 2016<\/p>\n\n\n\n


<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159emi tis\u00edci lety se na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edch mexick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f Veracruz a Tabasco vyvinula…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":2561,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[380,372],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTAJEMSTV\u00cd \u010cEDI\u010cOV\u00ddCH TV\u00c1\u0158\u00cd - Sv\u011bt Kamene<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prvn\u00ed kamenn\u00e9 hlavy byly objeveny ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed ve t\u0159ech nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch centrech Olm\u00e9k\u016f\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kurierkamieniarski.pl\/artykuly\/o-kamieniu\/565-sekret-bazaltowych-twarzy.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TAJEMSTV\u00cd \u010cEDI\u010cOV\u00ddCH TV\u00c1\u0158\u00cd - 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