{"id":11957,"date":"2020-03-01T20:41:07","date_gmt":"2020-03-01T19:41:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/?p=11957"},"modified":"2022-06-29T21:34:10","modified_gmt":"2022-06-29T19:34:10","slug":"kotwenia-a-prokurator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetkamene.eu\/index.php\/pl\/2020\/03\/01\/kotwenia-a-prokurator\/","title":{"rendered":"KOTWENIA A PROKURATOR"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nagminnie napotykam na problemy z obalonymi p\u0142ytami napisowymi. S\u0105 to elementy, kt\u00f3re wa\u017c\u0105 przynajmniej kilkadziesi\u0105t kilogram\u00f3w i maj\u0105 wysoko po\u0142o\u017cony \u015brodek ci\u0119\u017cko\u015bci. \u0141atwo o przewr\u00f3cenie takiego elementu. Nierzadko zdarzaj\u0105 si\u0119 sytuacje, gdy kamienna p\u0142yta upada na osob\u0119 i powoduje obra\u017cenia cia\u0142a. Kilka lat temu w Polsce mia\u0142 miejsce wypadek \u015bmiertelny \u2013 w wyniku obra\u017ce\u0144 zmar\u0142a kobieta, na kt\u00f3r\u0105 przewr\u00f3ci\u0142a si\u0119 jedna z napis\u00f3wek. Dlatego nale\u017cy dok\u0142adnie zastanowi\u0107 si\u0119 nad bezpiecznym i trwa\u0142ym ich zamontowaniem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

W trakcie monta\u017cu nagrobka musimy pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce b\u0119dzie on sta\u0142 na cmentarzu d\u0142u\u017cej, ni\u017c obowi\u0105zuje r\u0119kojmia lub okres gwarancyjny. St\u0105d musimy go wykona\u0107 w spos\u00f3b, kt\u00f3ry zapewni trwa\u0142o\u015b\u0107 na d\u0142ugie lata. Istotnym elementem jest zakotwienie tablicy napisowej. Przedstawiam najcz\u0119stsze b\u0142\u0119dy, jakie przy tym napotykam.<\/p>\n

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Chemia (nie) wystarczy<\/strong><\/p>\n

Szale\u0144cz\u0105 awangard\u0105 kamieniarstwa s\u0105 ci, kt\u00f3rzy uwa\u017caj\u0105, \u017ce chemia zapewni d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142e po\u0142\u0105czenie dw\u00f3ch element\u00f3w, \u017ce mog\u0105 zapewni\u0107 odpowiedni re\u017cim technologiczny i s\u0105 w stanie przewidzie\u0107 trwa\u0142o\u015bci takiego sklejenia. Sytuacja okazuje si\u0119 op\u0142akana, gdy\u017c po jakim\u015b czasie p\u0142yty napisowe si\u0119 przewracaj\u0105.<\/p>\n

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P\u0142ytkie kotwienie<\/strong>
\nKotwa musi by\u0107 zanurzona tak g\u0142\u0119boko w element kamienny, \u017ceby unikn\u0105\u0107 wysuni\u0119cia si\u0119 pr\u0119ta z p\u0142yty. Widzimy bardzo cz\u0119sto, \u017ce pr\u0119t z p\u0142yty napisowej wystaje jedynie 2 cm i taka d\u0142ugo\u015b\u0107 zostaje wsuni\u0119ta w gniazdo monta\u017cowe w bazie. Tak\u2002p\u0142ytkie wsuni\u0119cie nie zapewni stabilno\u015bci. G\u0142\u0119boko\u015b\u0107 zakotwienia winna wynosi\u0107 minimum 6 cm.<\/p>\n

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Brak wype\u0142nienia gniazda zapraw\u0105<\/strong>
\nWype\u0142nienie gniazda zapraw\u0105 ma na celu usztywnienie trzpienia oraz uszczelnienie otworu, \u017ceby woda nie wp\u0142ywa\u0142a w puste miejsce. Niestety monterzy nagrobk\u00f3w \u2013 z lenistwa lub wygody \u2013 cz\u0119sto zapominaj\u0105 o zalaniu otworu. Wilgo\u0107 i zmienno\u015b\u0107 temperatury szybko doprowadza do obalenia attyki.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Dob\u00f3r kotwy
\n<\/strong>Bardzo cz\u0119stym zjawiskiem jest u\u017cywanie jako trzpieni tego, co si\u0119 znajdzie na przyzak\u0142adowym z\u0142omowisku lub w kieszeniach spodni roboczych \u2013 resztki pr\u0119t\u00f3w zbrojeniowych, stare wiert\u0142a, gwo\u017adzie i temu podobne przedmioty b\u0119d\u0105 stanowi\u0107 o trwa\u0142o\u015bci monta\u017cu nagrobka. Bardzo cz\u0119stym objawem b\u0119dzie pojawienie si\u0119 rdzy w miejscach kotwie\u0144. Dochodzi r\u00f3wnie\u017c do p\u0119cznienia pr\u0119t\u00f3w wskutek zardzewienia i do zniszczenia kamienia lub do ca\u0142kowitej korozji pr\u0119ta, z kt\u00f3rego zostaje tylko rudy py\u0142. Zadbajmy zatem o zastosowanie stali odpornej na rdzewienie \u2013 zakup kilku odpowiednich szpilek nie jest jakim\u015b horrendalnym wydatkiem.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Niby prosta czynno\u015b\u0107, ale stwarza jednak problemy. Kotwienie cz\u0119\u015bci nagrobk\u00f3w kiedy\u015b by\u0142o standardem \u2013 obecnie widzimy niezrozumia\u0142y odwr\u00f3t od tego zwyczaju. Ufno\u015b\u0107 w zastosowanie jedynie chemicznego po\u0142\u0105czenia element\u00f3w niejednokrotnie wp\u0119dza kamieniarzy w\u2002k\u0142opoty. Czy wywiercenie otworu i zamontowanie szpilki jest takie kosztowne?<\/p>\n

Na zdj\u0119ciach widoczny jest efekt wichury, jaka zerwa\u0142a si\u0119 na pocz\u0105tku wrze\u015bnia tego roku w Jaworzynie \u015al\u0105skiej. Poprzewracane napis\u00f3wki ods\u0142oni\u0142y wszelkie wy\u017cej opisane przyk\u0142ady uchybie\u0144 w sztuce kamieniarskiej. Pewnie w czasie wichury nikt nie spacerowa\u0142 po cmentarzu. Gdyby jednak jedna z tych z kiepsko osadzonych p\u0142yt obali\u0142a si\u0119 przy innej okazji, powoduj\u0105c wypadek, w kt\u00f3rym ucierpia\u0142by cz\u0142owiek, nie oby\u0142oby si\u0119 bez prokuratorskiego \u015bledztwa. \u015aledztwa, kt\u00f3re bez w\u0105tpienia wskaza\u0142oby winnych zaniedba\u0144 monta\u017cowych.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Kurier kamieniarski<\/a><\/p>\n

Autor: Micha\u0142 Firlej\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0|\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Data: wtorek, 17 listopada 2020<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nagminnie napotykam na problemy z obalonymi p\u0142ytami napisowymi. S\u0105 to elementy, kt\u00f3re wa\u017c\u0105 przynajmniej kilkadziesi\u0105t kilogram\u00f3w…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":38,"featured_media":10550,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0},"categories":[366],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nKOTWENIA A PROKURATOR - Sv\u011bt Kamene<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Probl\u00e9my s vyvr\u00e1cen\u00fdmi n\u00e1hrobn\u00edmi deskami. 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